Learning is a process through which an individual develops or modifies knowledge,
understanding, skills, behaviours, strategies, values, or ways of thinking as a result of experience,
study, practice, observation, feedback, or reflection. Learning may be formal, informal,
structured, self-directed, social, practical, or experiential.
Formal learning usually occurs within organised programmes, courses, schools, colleges, training
centres, or professional-development settings. Informal learning may happen through
observation, conversation, problem-solving, work experience, community participation, reading,
digital resources, or personal reflection.
Learning is not always immediately visible. A learner may require time to process information,
practise a skill, make errors, receive feedback, and attempt a task again. This is especially true
when learning is complex, unfamiliar, emotionally demanding, or connected to previous
misconceptions.
Learning can involve several dimensions:
1. Knowledge acquisition: remembering facts, concepts, terminology, procedures, and
principles.
2. Skill development: applying techniques, completing tasks, using tools, communicating,
collaborating, or solving problems.
3. Conceptual understanding: recognising why something happens and how ideas relate.
4. Application: using learning in realistic or unfamiliar situations.
5. Judgement: evaluating options, making reasoned decisions, and recognising limitations.
6. Attitudinal development: building confidence, responsibility, persistence, curiosity, and
respect for others.